noted that a data gap was identi
fi
ed for an independent laboratory validation (ILV) of the methods for
fat matrix.
Indoxacarb residues in environmental matrices can be monitored by LC
–
MS/MS with LOQs of
0.001 mg/kg in soil, 0.05
l
g/L in water and 0.10
l
g/m
3
in air.
LC
–
MS/MS can be used for monitoring indoxacarb residues in body
fl
uids with a LOQ of 0.002 mg/L.
Indoxacarb residues in body tissues can be determined by using the monitoring methods for residues in
food of animal origin.
2.
Mammalian toxicity
The toxicological pro
fi
le of the active substance indoxacarb and its metabolites was discussed at
the Pesticides Peer Review Experts
’
Meeting 162 (September 2017) and assessed based on the
following guidance documents: SANCO/221/2000-rev. 10-
fi
nal (European Commission, 2003), SANCO/
10597/2003-rev. 10.1 (European Commission, 2012) and Guidance on dermal absorption (EFSA PPR
Panel, 2012).
To assess the toxicological pro
fi
le of the
active substance
, the applicant submitted a complete set
of valid toxicity studies. The batches used in the toxicity studies were concluded as being
representative of the new technical speci
fi
cation for the active substance. Five relevant impurities have
been identi
fi
ed, toluene (max. 14 g/kg), IN-J1063 (max. 0.0018 g/kg), IN-C0800, IN-R1T94 and
IN-06439 (max. 0.0025 g/kg).
The new technical speci
fi
cation de
fi
nes indoxacarb (DPX-KN128) as the almost pure active
S
-isomer. However, the technical speci
fi
cation for the
fi
rst inclusion was a mixture of isomers proposed
based on studies performed with two mixtures: the racemic (DPX-JW062) and the ratio 75
S
:25
R
(DPX-MP062). For the purpose of the renewal, the RAR includes toxicity studies performed with the
different isomer ratios of indoxacarb: indoxacarb (DPX-KN128), indoxacarb 75
S
:25
R
(DPX-MP062) or
with the racemic mixture (DPX-JW062). The experts agreed that none of the enantiomers should be
considered more toxic than the others, meaning that DPX-KN128 containing the highest proportion of
active enantiomer is not considered more toxic. Therefore, the studies conducted with the less active
enantiomer than indoxacarb (DPX-KN128) are also considered relevant for the purpose of the
renewal.
In the toxicokinetic studies, oral absorption is estimated to be 60%. Indoxacarb is found mainly in
fat and blood with a sex speci
fi
city (higher tissue levels in females) and with a potential of
accumulation in fat and red blood cells. It is extensively metabolised and slowly excreted via urine and
faeces. A comparative
in vitro
metabolism study has not been submitted, leading to a data gap and an
issue that could not be
fi
nalised.
In most studies in the rat, females appear to be more sensitive than males. Species differences are
also observed with rats being more sensitive than mice and dogs to the toxicological effects.
In the acute toxicity studies, indoxacarb is toxic by oral route, harmful by inhalation and is of low
toxicity dermally.
3
It is not a skin or eye irritant. However, indoxacarb is a skin sensitiser in Magnusson
and Kligman tests and classi
fi
ed as Skin Sens 1B
3
. Based on a phototoxicity study, indoxacarb is not
phototoxic and a photomutagenicity study is not required as its molar extinction/absorption coef
fi
cient
is less than 1,000 L
9
mol
1
9
cm
1
.
In short-term toxicity studies, the main toxic effects are observed on the haematological
parameters and related organs (spleen and/or bone marrow). In two 90-day rat studies, no observed
adverse effect levels (NOAELs) of 0.68 and 0.99 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day are identi
fi
ed,
whereas in a third study, a lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.76 mg/kg bw per day
is agreed. In a 90-day mouse study, the NOAEL has been determined to be 5.5 mg/kg bw per day. For
the dog studies (90-day and 1-year), a LOAEL of 1 mg/kg bw per day has been identi
fi
ed. By dermal
route, in the 28-day study in rats, a LOAEL of 50 mg/kg bw per day is established.
Indoxacarb is unlikely to be genotoxic based on
in vitro
tests: Ames test, mammalian cell gene
mutation, chromosome aberration and unscheduled DNA synthesis; and based on negative results in
in vivo
micronucleus test in mice.
In the 2-year rat study, the NOAEL is 1.04 mg/kg bw per day based on haemolytic effects and
related histopathological
fi
ndings in the liver and spleen. In the 18-month mouse study, the NOAEL is
2.63 mg/kg bw per day based on decreased body weight gain and food consumption and clinical signs
3
Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classi
fi
cation, labelling
and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJ L 353, 31.12.2008, 1
–
1355.
Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance indoxacarb
www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal
9
EFSA Journal 2018;16(1):5140